Born Irish, But With Illegal Parents

Born Irish, but With Illegal Parents

By JASON DePARLE
The New York Times
Published: February 25, 2008

DUBLIN Cork-born and proud of it, George-Jordan Dimbo is top to toe the Irish lad. He studies Gaelic, eats rashers, plays hurling, prays to the saints, papers his walls with parochial school awards, and spends Saturdays at the telly watching Dustin the Turkey, a wisecracking puppet, mock the powerful.

If the Irish government has its way, he may soon be living in Africa.

George, 11, is an Irish citizen and has been since his birth when Ireland, alone in Europe, still gave citizenship to anyone born on its soil. His mother and father, Ifedinma and Ethelbert Dimbo, are illegal immigrants from Nigeria, who brought him back to Ireland three years ago, judging it the best place to raise him.

Since then, the unusual trio the Irish schoolboy and his African parents have shared a single room in a worn Dublin hostel while facing a prospect dreaded by children on both sides of the Atlantic, a parents deportation.

Dear justice minister, George wrote when he was 9. I heard my Mommy and Daddy whispering about deportation. Please do not deport us.

Remember, he added, I am also an Irish child.

Thousands of Irish children face similar risks, living in a country where one or both parents do not legally reside. Their stories find abundant parallels in the United States, where an estimated five million children including three million American citizens have parents who are illegal immigrants. New efforts to catch them make fear of deportation a growing factor in American life, the flip side of generous laws that make infants instant citizens.

The battle over the I.B.C.s Irish-born children stems from a decade of head-turning change that has brought this island of red-haired Marys and blue-eyed Seans the demographic version of an extreme makeover.

For centuries, Ireland was a racially homogenous land of emigrants. Now it is a multicultural nation of immigrants, whose share of the population, 11 percent, is nearly as high as that in the United States.

Years of Irish prosperity have drawn Polish plumbers, Lithuanian nannies, Latvian farm workers, Filipino nurses, Chinese traders, and sub-Saharan asylum seekers. The town of Portlaoise, about 40 miles southwest of Dublin, has the countrys first African-born mayor. The Synge Street School, where George Dimbo says his Hail Marys beneath a plaster Virgin, is walking distance from the citys first mosque and rents classroom space to two Chinese academies.

I went to bed in one country and woke up in a different one, writes the Irish novelist, Roddy Doyle, in a collection of short stories called The Deportees (Viking, 2007). They depict characters as diverse as an African war survivor on his first day of class, and Fat Gandhi, a gay tandoori vendor who quickly realized that his loud embrace of Christianity was very good for business.

The Dimbos are the kind of memorable figures who might have tumbled from Mr. Doyles pages. A former graduate student in Cork, Ms. Dimbo, 42, wore a Yoruba headdress to a recent parent-student event, and has just written a feminist novel about a migrant prostitute. Mr. Dimbo, 43, releases his frustrations with a daily run through the Dublin streets, and George is so unusually courteous that his sixth-grade teacher thought he was taking the mickeyIrish for pulling his leg.

Hes the most mannerly child Ive taught in years, said the teacher, Brendan OBoyle. Hes very, very good, very upright, very honest.

Hes one of the best guys weve ever had, said last years teacher, Gerard Mooney.

Not long after George arrived, a classmate told him that he disliked black people.

But Im black, George recalls answering.

No, the boy said. Youre Irish.

So Far, Little Conflict

Irelands dash to diversity has so far provoked little of the conflict found elsewhere in Europe or the United States. There are no major anti-immigrant political parties and little anti-immigrant violence. When a Dublin high school student, Olukunle Elukanlo, was deported to Nigeria in 2005, his protesting classmates won his return.

Government officials here often credit Irish history for the tolerance. Theres an emotional sense of understanding about what immigrants are going through because of our experience as immigrants, said Conor Lenihan, the minister of integration.

But others see undercurrents of racial unease that could boil into conflict, especially if hard times return. In Irish literature theres a big fear of the returned immigrant who brings all sorts of chaos with him, said Mary Gilmartin, a geographer at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth. Many people here feel threatened.

As recently as the 1980s, young Irish were fleeing unemployment in droves, many to work illegally in the United States. By the late 1990s, an economic boom called the Celtic Tiger was luring them home, along with droves of foreign construction workers, farm hands, waitresses and nannies. A wave of asylum seekers joined them, many from Africa.

Some had escaped harrowing wars or genital mutilation. But officials grew skeptical of their claims as their numbers surged to about 12,000 in 2002 from a trickle a decade before.

Ireland not only offered citizenship to children born upon arrival; until 2003 it also allowed their illegal-immigrant parents to stay, a shortcut many asylum seekers used to win residency. Word got out: with a visa to Britain, a pregnant woman could reach Northern Ireland, take a cab across the border, and gain residency by giving birth.

Ms. Gilmartin argues that reports of abuse were exaggerated. But a 2004 referendum changed the rules, reserving citizenship for the children of longtime legal residents. It passed with nearly 80 percent of the vote.

By then, Ireland had about 18,000 mixed families of Irish children and illegal-immigrant parents. Wary of the costs of large-scale deportation, the government ran a one-time legalization program that gave residency to about 95 percent of those parents. The Dimbos were among the 1,000 or so families whose cases were rejected, and they have appealed to the Supreme Court.

Their situation, like that of millions in the United States, pits competing interests: those of children (to live in their country with their parents) against those of states (to enforce borders for the perceived common good).

Odyssey to Ireland

Ms. Dimbo first came to Ireland legally, to get a masters degree in sociology in 1995. She was recently married, two months pregnant, and unaware, she said, that Irish law would make George a citizen. She gained legal residency through his citizenship, but they returned to Nigeria when George was 2 to join his father, who ran an import business.

With Ms. Dimbo working as a bank manager in Lagos, the family lived comfortably, but came back to Ireland twice, believing each time that Georges citizenship and their past residence gave them the right to stay. The most recent time was in 2005, to apply for the legalization program, not realizing, they said, that it only covered families who had remained in Ireland, which disqualified them.

With their savings gone, they have spent nearly three years in a government accommodation center a dormitory where they share one room, line up for meals, and are barred from working.

You feel like youre a prisoner, said Mr. Dimbo, a proud man dismayed by his forced dependency. If we had known our lives would be like this, we never would have come.

George said if his parents left, he would go with them every child needs his parents and wrote the justice minister to convey his fears. I am very worried, he wrote.

Gathered at another accommodation center, an hour outside Dublin in Mosney, many parents said their fears of deportation had begun to affect their children.

My daughter knows Im depressed, said a single mother from Nigeria, who declined to be identified for fear of harming her case. She goes, Did I do anything wrong? Another single mother said, Im afraid Im going to hurt my child.

Other complaints come from men sneaking into Ireland, to join their children and wives who got residency through the legalization program. To avoid new waves of migration, the program gave no right to family reunification. Unless we control the flows of people, public attitudes will turn against the whole process of immigration, said Mr. Lenihan, the government minister.

But in denying children their fathers, the men say, the government may create the kind of immigrant underclass that plagues other parts of Europe.

Our children are going to be growing up angry, said one of four illegal-immigrant fathers from Nigeria who met with a reporter in Balbriggan, a Dublin suburb.

Another father blamed race. If our kids were really Irish to them, they would not say, Take the fathers away, he said.

At the same time, many of those facing deportation marvel at Irelands virtues, including the freedom to protest without getting shot and ambulances that come when summoned. When Lynda Onuoha joined Mosney mothers to demonstrate outside Parliament, they waved Irish flags. We wanted people passing by to see that even though our kids are black, they are Irish by nationality, and we want to make a home here, she said.

Even after tightening its rules, Ireland remains more generous than most of its European peers. The United States is the rare country that gives immediate citizenship to the children born inside its borders, whether their immigrant parents are legal residents or not. A 2007 bill to end the practice, which stems from the 14th Amendment, drew nearly 100 Congressional co-sponsors, though legal scholars have traditionally argued that a change would require a constitutional amendment.

Fear for U.S. Children

Deportations in the United States have been rare, but with enforcement on the rise, migrant groups warn of a new generation of American children haunted by fear. Border control advocates respond that the parents have only themselves to blame, for migrating illegally.

At times, Ms. Dimbo says the same. To come here without papers, we are wrong, she said. We are cap in hand, saying for Georges sake, let us forgive and forget. Adding her own note of Irish chauvinism, she said it was only when she got to Donegal that she appreciated the phrase deep, blue sea.

Mr. Dimbo added, I love this country.

George has spent 6 of his 11 years in Ireland, including most of his school years. What he recalls of Nigeria is mostly the heat and the corporal punishment in school. Asked if he feels more Irish or Nigerian, he answered politely in a Dublin lilt.

I think I feel more Irish, he said. For one, because I am Irish.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

This is the seventh in a series of articles examining global migration and its consequences.

Previous Articles in the Series

George-Jordan Dimbo's Letters to the Minister of Justice (mp3)

European Newspaper and Magazine Articles

February 25, 2008: Born Irish, But With Illegal Parents

February 22, 2008: Switzerland Gov't May Soon Deport Sikh Hijackers To India

February 20, 2008: The 'Made In Italy' Label: Read The Fine Print

February 18, 2008: Iraq To Take Back Asylum Seekers Rejected By Sweden

February 18, 2008: Over 100,000 Arabs Enter Europe Every Year, Says Egypt

February 17, 2008: Influx Of Iraqi Refugees Bring Swedish Town To Its Knees

February 15, 2008: Immigration Activist Fined For Insulting Sarkozy

February 13, 2008: North-South Divide Opens For Migrant Jobs In Europe

February 13, 2008: French Police Detain 114 In Swoop On Illegal Immigrant Slum

February 13, 2008: Lenihan Urged To Change Immigrant Bill (Ireland)

February 11, 2008: French Muslim Minister Backs Hirsi Ali's Protection Request

February 11, 2008: To Live Legally Or Die (Belgium)

February 10, 2008: Spanish Party Slams Immigrant Offenders

February 8, 2008: Immigration, A Polarising Electoral Issue

February 7, 2008: Immigration Officials Give Marching Orders To 54 “illegal” Fans (Ireland)

February 7, 2008: Germany Faces Turkish Ire After Nine Immigrants Die In Fire

February 7, 2008: Spain Gov't Criticizes Opposition Immigrant Plan

February 6, 2008: Germany Stands Firm On Integration Policy

February 2, 2008: Sweden Slashes Asylum Grants To Iraqi Refugees

February 2, 2008: France, Senegal Sign Agreement On Management Of Migratory Flows

January 31, 2008: Groups “Disturbed” By Immigration Bill (Ireland)

January 30, 2008: Repeat Offenders Now Facing Stiffer Penalties (Ireland)

January 30, 2008: Bid To Tempt Home The Foreign Workers Who Fed Celtic Tiger (Ireland)

January 28, 2008: Spain Signs Immigration, Fishing Deal With Guinea-Bissau

January 26, 2008: Germany's Merkel Suffers Blow In Key State Election

January 25, 2008: Merkel Faces Humiliation In Regional Election

January 24, 2008: France Adds A Non-European Paris Every Six Years

January 23, 2008: Dutch To Ban Burqas In Schools/Gov't Offices—Media

January 23, 2008: Minister Takes On France's Projects

January 22, 2008: Analysis: Anti-Islam Film Scares The Hague

January 22, 2008: Mutual Tolerance, Education Boost Needed: Austrian Migration Report

January 9, 2008: French Plan For The Suburbs Runs Into Trouble

January 8, 2008: France Misses Target For Deporting Immigrants

January 8, 2008: France's Sarkozy Reveals Regional Support For Tougher Immigration Rules

January 7, 2008: (Archbishop) Martin Urges Debate On School Integration (Ireland)

January 7, 2008: Food Aid For Migrants As Dream Move Sours (Ireland)

January 5, 2008: Bogus Asylum Seekers Escaping Deportation (Ireland)

January 4, 2008: Asylum Applications Fall To Lowest Level In 10 Years (Ireland)

January 4, 2008: Lenihan Blames Barristers For Delays In Asylum Appeals (Ireland)

January 4, 2008: Dutch University Rejects Iranian Students For Nuclear Concerns

January 3, 2008: New Asylum Scam Exposed (Ireland)

January 1, 2008: Three Boats With 126 Migrants Reach Spain's Canary Islands

December 21, 2007: Police Warning As Politicians Hail Open Borders (EU)

December 21, 2007: Court Sides With State On Deportations (Ireland)

December 20, 2007: No Passport Area Adds 8 European Countries —Expansion Met With Concerns, Hope

December 19, 2007: Germany Says Immigrants Won't Solve Demographic Woes

December 19, 2007: More Than 200 Migrants Land In Southern Italy

December 19, 2007: Caretaking Free Movement, Security In The EU Falls To New Members Along The Eastern Frontier

December 18, 2007: Gov't Accused Over Migrants (Ireland)

December 18, 2007: Ireland Says Immigrants Make It Fastest Growing EU Population

December 18, 2007: Czech Republic: North Koreans Must Go

December 17, 2007: Dutch Study: Schizophrenia Risk Higher In Mixed Neighbourhoods

December 17, 2007: Europe Celebrates Expansion Of Borderless Zone In The Tiny Town Where It Was Founded (France)

December 15, 2007: Turkey Detains Seven Over Immigrant Boat Tragedy: Anatolia

December 12, 2007: EU Pursues Educated Immigrants

December 9, 2007: In A Europe Torn Over Mosques, A City Offers Accommodation**

December 6, 2007: Europe Dream Turns Sour For African Migrant Youth**

December 5, 2007: Finnish Minister Would Give Free Citizenship to War Children

December 5, 2007: Italy Politician Urges Nazi Policies For Immigrants

December 4, 2007: Asylum Rules To Follow EU Directive (Ireland)

December 4, 2007: Republic Of Ireland Launches New Automated Fingerprint System

December 3, 2007: An Idyllic Greek Island Becomes The New Frontier For African Migrants

December 3, 2007: Greek Interior Minister Urges EU To Take Action Against Illegal Migration

December 3, 2007: A Leader Of Jihad In Limbo In Norway 'After His Time'

November 30, 2007: Nicolas Sarkozy Condemns Rioters 'Yobocracy'

November 29, 2007: Trial Opens In France Of Alleged People Smugglers

November 29, 2007: 60 Police Injured As Riots Rock Paris

November 28, 2007: Le Paris Flambe

November 28, 2007: Relative Calm In Riot-Hit French Suburb

November 28, 2007: New French Riots Speak Volumes

November 28, 2007: Bulgarians, Poles, Romanians Flock To NL

November 26, 2007: Iraqis Get A Chilly Welcome As Refugees In Denmark

November 26, 2007: 7771 Bogus Weddings Stopped (Belgium)

November 22, 2007: Young French See Opportunity In Canada

November 19, 2007: Migrants Head To Ukraine To Plot EU Entry

November 17, 2007: Dutch Float 'Migrant Prison' Scheme

November 16, 2007: Italy Detains Six Suspected People Traffickers

November 16, 2007: Norway To Review Australian Broadcasting Corporation Krekar Tape

November 15, 2007: France's Constitutional Council Says Yes To DNA Tests, No To Ethnic Counting**

November 15, 2007: People Smugglers In Court Over British Connection

November 15, 2007: Fogh Ahead For Denmark

November 13, 2007: Danish PM Wins Third Term

November 13, 2007: Turkey's Tensions Migrate To Berlin

November 13, 2007: Spain Tries To Keep Rightist Rallies Off The Streets

November 12, 2007: EU Crooks May Be Deported

November 12, 2007: Swedes On Edge Of Culture Clash

November 12, 2007: EU Tries To Square The Circle On “Blue Card” Proposal

November 12, 2007: Denmark Faces Tough Balance In Election

November 12, 2007: Greeks Save Ship With 275 Migrants

November 10, 2007: Denmark's Unabashed Lightning Rod On Immigration

November 2, 2007: Anger At EU Migrants Explodes After Woman's Brutal Death (Italy)

October 31, 2007: A Princess And A Refugee Stir National Identity Crisis In The Netherlands

October 29, 2007: Merkel Seeks Tougher Measures Against Forced Marriages (Germany)

October 29, 2007: Rights Groups: Greece Endangers Illegal Immigrants

October 26, 2007: Congo and France Sign Accord On Migration Management, Co-Development

October 26, 2007: Police Find 23 Iraqis Crammed Into Vehicle On Danish Border

October 25, 2007: Dutch Police End Child-Trafficking Ring

October 24, 2007: Germans Reject EU Fast-Track Immigration Scheme

October 24, 2007: Dutch Gov't Statistics Agency Cuts Estimate Of Muslim Population

October 24, 2007: Protesters Clash With Police In Belgium

October 24, 2007: VDAB Visits Unemployed Minorities (Belgium)

October 23, 2007: There Is Tension In The Air, Says First Black MP, As Swiss Take A Turn To The Right

October 23, 2007: Contested French Immigration Bill Passes

October 23, 2007: French Parliament Set To Approve DNA Immigration Bill

October 23, 2007: Key Parts Of The EU's Blue Card Work Visa Plan

October 22, 2007: Billionaire Uses Ancient Martyr To Spearhead His March Into Power

October 22, 2007: Nationalists Win Big In Swiss Elections

October 21, 2007: Rightist Party Leads In Switzerland

October 21, 2007: Europe's Fear Of Muslims Increases

October 11, 2007: The Rise Of Mosques Becomes Catalyst For Conflict Across Europe (EU)

October 10, 2007: Schengen Signals End Of Hungarian Border Guard Service (Hungary)

October 10, 2007: France Gets New Immigration Museum As DNA Row Rages

October 9, 2007: Spain's Socialist Government Is Trying To Encourage African Development To Stop The Tide Of Illegal Immigration

October 9, 2007: Relief At First Coalition Agreement (Belgium)

October 9, 2007: French Minister Threatens To Resign In Immigration Row

October 8, 2007: Immigration, Black Sheep And Swiss Rage (Switzerland)

October 7, 2007: Swiss President Calls For Calm After Pre-Election Violence In Capital

October 6, 2007: Austrian Deportations Stir Asylum Debate

October 5, 2007: Threatened Dutch Author Back In Netherlands At Centre of Firestorm

October 5, 2007: VB Protests New Mosque In Deuren (Belgium)

October 4, 2007: France Approves Migrant DNA Tests

October 3, 2007: The Crackdown: The French Government Aims To Deport 25,000 Illegal Immigrants By The End Of The Year

October 1, 2007: Spain's PM To Meet With EU Chief To Discuss Constitution, Energy and Immigration

October 1, 2007: Family Ties Boost Sweden Immigration

September 30, 2007: Union Chief: Immigration No Answer To Labour Shortage (Finland)

September 28, 2007: Family Re-unification Scheme Abused (The Netherlands)

September 27, 2007: Albayrak Criticises Predecessor Verdonk (The Netherlands)

September 27, 2007: French Riot Squad To Halt Cherbourg Migrants

September 26, 2007: 1500 Refused Amnesty So Far (The Netherlands)

September 26, 2007: French Senate Commission Shoots Down Amendment On DNA Tests For Immigrants

September 25, 2007: WRR Puts Integration Debate On Edge (The Netherlands)

September 24, 2007: Number Of Illegal Iraqi Refugees In Germany Surges

September 22, 2007: France Races To Oust Illegal Immigrants

September 20, 2007: EU Ministers Agree On New Anti-Terrorism Chief

September 17, 2007: EU Told To Open Door To 20 Million Migrant Workers

September 14, 2007: VVD In Crisis After Dismissing Verdonk (The Netherlands)

September 14, 2007: Immigrant DNA Tests Plan Raises Storm For Sarkozy (France)

September 13, 2007: Paris Area Mayors To Resist Immigration Crackdown

September 13, 2007: Far-Right Movement Gathers Strength As Greek Election Nears

September 13, 2007: Immigration: 89 Arrivals The Day After Frontex Resumes (Malta)

September 12, 2007: Scores Arrested In Anti-Islam Protest (Belgium)

September 12, 2007: France Worried About Shortfall In Deportation Of Illegals

September 12, 2007: EU Panel Wants Maximum 18-Month Period For Detention Of Illegal Immigrants

September 10, 2007: Non-Irish Using Fake Marriages In Bid To Secure Legal Residency

September 8, 2007: German Suspects Had Deadline For Attacks: Report

September 8, 2007: German Case Offered Alleged Earful

September 7, 2007: Asian Connections Push Up Illegal Immigration (Finland)

September 5, 2007: Migrant Centre Plan Stirs Fear Of New Sangatte (France)

September 5, 2007: Ireland Steps Up As Immigration Leader

September 5, 2007: Stranded Punjabis In Portugal Get Passports

September 5, 2007: Spain Plans Straitjackets For Illegal Immigrants

September 5, 2007: German Far Right Party Builds Support

September 4, 2007: Somali Refugees In Uganda Appeal To Denmark

September 4, 2007: Deportees Declare Hunger Strike In German Prison

September 4, 2007: Ireland Named As Major Route For Child Trafficking

September 3, 2007: Black Children Left Out Of Irish Schools

August 27, 2007: Let's Not Go Dutch: Amnesty's Track Record In Europe Should Discourage American Imitators (EU)

August 24, 2007: Spain Rounds Up 127 Africans Heading For Canarys

August 24, 2007: Vogelaar Welcomes New Citizens (The Netherlands)

August 23, 2007: French Parliament To Debate New Immigration Law

August 23, 2007: Headscarf Makes Way For Bandana (Belgium)

August 22, 2007: Merkel To Tackle Skills Shortage In Einstein's Home (Germany)

August 22, 2007: Malta, Libya In Immigration Talks

August 22, 2007: Number Of Boat Refugees In Spain Rises Slightly

August 22, 2007: Drastic Changes To Assimilation Courses (The Netherlands)

August 21, 2007: Attack On Indians Fuels Debate On Extremism In Germany

August 18, 2007: Ireland Learns To Adapt To A Population Growth Spurt

August 17, 2007: Immigration At Top Of Voter Concerns (Denmark)

August 10, 2007: Dewinter Insists On Anti-Islam Protest (Belgium)

August 10, 2007: Protest Against “Islamization” Banned (Belgium)

August 9, 2007: Would-Be Migrants Must Undergo Classes In What It Means To Be French

August 9, 2007: Fewer Immigrant Boats To Canaries (Spain)

August 8, 2007: Greatest Population Growth In 40 Years (Belgium)

July 27, 2007: Pope's Aide Warns Of “Threat By Islam”

July 27, 2007: Germany Mulls Lifting Restrictions To Workers' Mobility

July 27, 2007: Amsterdam To Extend Integration Project

July 26, 2007: Mauritania, Spain Strike Immigration Deal

July 26, 2007: Senegal Working With Spain On Child Migrants

July 25, 2007: Government Rebuts Italian NGO Report On Immigration

July 22, 2007: More Illegals Found In Flemish Ports

July 22, 2007: Italian Police Charge Imam And 2 Aides With Training Terrorists

July 12, 2007: Interpol Chief Wants Databases To Track Criminals

July 11, 2007: Panel Says: 14 Million Refugees Worldwide

July 7, 2007: Sarkozy Wants EU Members To Work Together On Illegal Immigration

July 6, 2007: Sweden Tightens Asylum Rules For Iraqis****

July 6, 2007: Gardai Are Set To Move On Agbonlahor Deportations (Ireland)

July 6,2007: Ireland Unemployment Hits 4 Year High

July 5,2007: Germany's Glos Says Govt Aims To Reform Immigration Law To Get Skilled Labour

July 5,2007: New Immigration Law To Come Into Force In Portugal

July 4,2007: Tempers Flare In German Mosque Dispute*****

July 4,2007: Albayrak Hands Out Residence Permits (The Netherlands)

July 4,2007: Immigration Bill Goes Before Cabinet (France)

July 3,2007: Trouble Repatriating Illegal Aliens (Belgium)

July 1,2007: French Far-Right Leader Visits Immigrant Landing Point

June 30,2007: 23 Asylum-Seeking Chinese Youths Missing In Sweden***

June 29,2007: Population Of Spain Now More Than 45 Million*****

June 29,2007: Germany To Accept Migrant Survivors

June 29,2007: Dutch Propose Identical Day For Naturalisation Ceremonies

June 28,2007: Spain Provides 19 Million Euros For Development Programs In Guinea-Bissau

June 26,2007: Albayrak Wants List Of Illegal Aliens (The Netherlands)

June 26,2007: Ministers Sign For A Naturalisation Exam (The Netherlands)

June 25,2007: Record Year To Leaving Sweden

June 15,2007: EU's Barroso Calls For Members To Back New Treaty Deal

June 14,2007: Germany Introduces New Immigration Laws

June 14,2007: Frontex Mission In The Balance (EU)

June 13,2007: Brussels Wants Fewer Rules On Migration (EU)

June 13,2007: EU To Create World's Biggest Bio-Data Pool

June 13,2007: More Teachers Needed For Immigrants (Finland)

June 13,2007: Far From War, A Town With A Well-Used Welcome Mat (Sweden)

June 12,2007: New Bid To Change EU Illegal Immigrant Policy (EU)

June 8,2007: EU Aims To Stop 'Visa Shopping': Schengen States To Share Visa Data (EU)**

June 8,2007: Parliament Approves Amnesty Arrangement (The Netherlands)

June 7,2007: Immigrants From Over 90 Countries Seek Asylum In Ireland***

June 7,2007: French Arabs and Blacks Struggle To Win Seats In 'White' Parliament

June 7,2007: Immigration Will Transform Europe–Spanish Minister

June 7,2007: Italy Still Out Of Nautilus II

June 6,2007: European Lessons: The Last Days Of Europe***

June 6,2007: Europe Considers Single Asylum Policy*** (EU)

June 6,2007: Reunification Requires Income** (Norway)

June 5,2007: Europe Wrestling With Immigration Issues (EU)

June 4,2007: France Sets Quotas For Immigrant Arrests***

June 3,2007: France To Bury Migrants Recovered At Sea

June 1,2007: Spain Unhappy With Malta Handling Of Migrants

May 31,2007: Zapatero Endorses Sarkozy's Plan For 'Simplified' EU Treaty (Spain-EU)

May 31,2007: Immigrants Protest In Greece Ahead Of EU-Mediterranean Meeting (Greece-EU)

May 30,2007: Iceland Closed To Bulgaria and Romania